I suppose you don't know how the Kashmir conflict started. Allow me illuminate the issue for you.

There were two major parties involved in the declaration of independence of India: the All India Muslim League and the Indian National Congress.
Both parties wanted to become independent but under different circumstances.

The British screwed India over in the first world war by offering independence if they provide soldiers. They didn't keep their promise.
In the second world war the British asked for India's help once again.
The INC refused, the Muslim League wanted to support the British under the condition that with the declaration of independence a new nation for Muslim Indians gets created.
The question whether or not India should support the Brits didn't last long, however, because in 1945 the British Labour party won the elections and granted India its independence almost immediately.
The two Indian parties started having disputes and whatnot. The Brits were in favour of keeping the country whole so the Muslims were pretty much on their own.
In 1946 a the so called Direct Action Day, initiated by the Muslim League, happened in Calcutta. Several thousand Hindus and Sikhs got killed. That led to a civil war. A very, very, very violent one.
Ontop of that there were many Indians fighting for or against Japan (the second world war was still going on in Asia, incase you didn't know that), leading to a major clusterfuck of violence.

Before shit broke lose both parties agreed to the partition of India.
The obvious problem was the question how the country could be divided.

Muslims fixed that problem by occupying two big regions in the north and south east of India (today known as Pakistan and Bangladesh), causing millions of people to flee from or to those regions, depending on their religion. Hindus fleeing from the north started killing Muslims fleeing to the north and vice versa.
Unknown but great numbers of people got slaughtered in the process, which enflamed an even to these days present hatred between Pakistan and India.

Muslim extremists formed independent military groups in Pakistan and are said to be supported by the security agencies of Pakistan.
Mumbai, for example, has been the target of such terrorist attacks many times.


The disputes over the Kashmir region are just a symptom of the whole conflict that got caused by said civil war. It led to a bunch of more wars, an ongoing cold war between India and Pakistan and many terrorist attacks.


I wrote this down off the top of my head so some data might a little inaccurate. Don't pin me down on that.


edit:

Oh, and China is involved in the Kashmir conflict as well. They just recently settled their disputes with India and pulled their troops out of that region.
Yay for progress.