Re: The squirrels are out to get us
[quote=Qegola ]
The General Theory of Relativity was developed in Einstein’s later years. Much like the popular story of Newton’s apple, Einstein
stumbled upon the idea which would not only make him a figurehead of modern physics but advance the understanding of
Gravity. According to Kaku, Einstein was working on a patent application in 1907 when he had a startling revelation:
I was sitting in a chair in the patent office at Bern when all of a sudden, a thought occurred to me: If a person falls freely, he will not
feel his own weight. I was startled. This simple thought made a deep impression on me. It impelled me toward a theory of
gravitation. (Kaku 92)
The General Theory of Relativity was Einstein’s crowning achievement because even though it did not have too many practical a
pplications, it took a large stride forward in explaining not only the how the universe works, but also its origin. Einstein also knew th
at Newton’s theory that gravity is an instantaneous force would contradict his Special Theory of Relativity because it is a force that
would travel faster than the speed of light. Also, the distance between two objects differs depending on the motion of the o
bserver relative to those objects. So if gravity’s effects depend on distance, Einstein would have to determine in which reference fr
om the distance would need to be measured. (Wolfson 175) The problem was that the Newtonian view of gravity was not at all re
lativistic. Einstein, using his startling realization of a falling body discovered the principal postulate behind his new idea of gravity.
He called this his principle of equivalence. It stated simply that the laws of physics are indistinguishable between an accelerating
and gravitating reference frame. For example, no experiment would be able to tell the difference between being in a small room
accelerating at the rate of gravity or being in a small room which is simply sitting on Earth’s surface. The converse is also true: One
would not be able to tell the difference between floating in free space or a free fall toward earth in a small room. Wolfson termed it
best by saying “The idea behind general relativity is to extend the Principle of Relativity to all reference frames, inertial or not.” (187)
Einstein considered what was termed “Tidal Forces” in a free-fall scenario in which two balls move toward or away from each other
because of their initial positions in the free fall. This takes place because the balls both want to follow straight line paths toward the
center of The Earth and because these balls are slightly apart from one another, these straight line paths create a small angle
between on another which brings them together as the balls fall with the entire system. Also if one is released above the other,
their distance apart will increase because the Newtonian force of gravity is higher upon the ball which is closer to The Earth.
(Wolfson 189) Einstein used this observation along with Tensor Calculus (Calculus using geometry on a curved surface) to develop
his ideas of curved space. His view of gravity was analogous to marbles rolling on a water bed. In this analogy the sun in our galaxy
would be replaced by a rock and the planets by marbles. Set into motion, the marbles roll around the Sun in elliptical orbits very
similar to those caused by gravity except for one difference. Instead of gravity pulling, space is pushing objects toward the large
mass of the sun. (Kaku 97) Einstein deduced that gravity was actually a distortion of space by mass. His final equation was so
simple and elegant as to be contained in an inch of text. The equation read