When people take Cal I they typically learn about: Limits and continuity, derivatives and integrals; differentiation and integration of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, and algebraic functions; applications, including slope, velocity, extrema, area, volume and work (Copied from a Cal I course description).
But in a poor attempt to simplify things. I'll say that you learn about functions, to a degree you learn how the functions relate to their graphs. You also learn what the functions can tell you about their graphs, and how to make a function from a graph. There's some applications here and there most of them based around physics. This stuff comes after you learn about what it means for a function to be continuous and after you learn the meaning of a limit.
Calculators are relatively useless. My opinion (And my teacher's opinion) on calculators in general is that you shouldn't be using them if you don't know what they're doing. Do you know how your calculator gets its value for the sin(54.3)? No? Then you don't get to use it for sine and cosine functions.
The only secret about the TI-84 is that it can do integrals for you.
As for actual tips, my advice is to always write down parenthesis. You save a lot of time and effort in mistakes not made when you take the time to write down your parenthesis.
For example say you want to plug in '-2' into the function: f(x) = x^2.
Without parenthesis you might write this: -2^2
The above is a bit ambiguous, we don't know if you want to square '-2' or square '2' and then multiply by '-1.'
But with parenthesis: (-2)^2
There is no ambiguity in the above. So you won't make any mistakes in your work. I know this may seem like a joke to some, but this really helps you out in the long run.
Another key concept to realize is that the square root of 'x' squared is not x. It is the absolute value of x.
I'm gonna skip your last question and say something about AP Calculus. First off, AP doesn't mean it's college level. It means you're taking the class to take the AP exam. All you should care about is the AP exam. Make sure you take the time to study the AP exam so you can test out of Cal I. Note that not all colleges will let you test out of Cal I just because you scored high on your AP exam. When you're applying for college you should see their individual policies for the AP scores.